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Public offerings in the US equity markets dramatically increased throughout the late 1990s and early 200s but declined through 2003 as the US economy started showing signs of recession, during which the US equity markets remained under depression for both foreign and domestic issuers.
Most issuers, foreign and domestic, use public offerings in US equity markets to raise equity capital. After the recession in 2003, public securities have improved dramatically. However, there is sufficient evidence to show that the corporate governance reforms and disclosure requirements resulting from the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules and regulations adopted by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has had a dampening effect on foreign issuers from giving public offerings in US equity markets. However, there is no doubt that giving public offerings in US equity markets allow issuers to have access to vast new sources of equity capital and opportunities to broaden their shareholder base, open up new trading markets for their securities and increase the overall valuation of their equity securities.
In order to offer public offerings in US equity markets, a company has to file the appropriate registration statement before going public. And, before the securities can be sold, the registration statement must become effective by SEC declaration or automatically for well-known seasoned issuers. In addition, the public offerings cannot be distributed for sale unless they are preceded by a prospectus that meets the requirements of the Securities Act.
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If you are interested in equity securities, you should first understand what is the equity market. Equity can be easily defined as the ownership of a share in the revenue stream of a corporation’s income once all the obligations and debts are satisfied. 
